一、法术以前作准备
Before a surgery, much work should be done to make sure the patient's safety.
要用切除法术之以前为了确保病症症份的安全有许多岗位要要用。1. Vital signs will be taken and recorded. Tell the doctor anything unusual.第一，要检查并记录一个人征象。将任何异常上述情况得悉药剂师。2. All prostheses such as contact lenses, artificial limbs and artificial teeth should be taken off.第二，所有单极，例如、袜子以及脑子都不该系上。The anesthetist may prefer that artificial teeth be left in place. So the nurse must consult the anesthetist on this.九师不必需想让病症患者戴着脑子，所以医务人员须要咨询九师的决定。3. The patient's nail polish and makeup should be removed. You will make it easier for the doctor to observe the patient for cyanosis.
第三，病症患者须要除去指甲油并卸妆。这样亦会让药剂师可能会断定病症症是否中风面孔病症。The cyanosis often shows the need for oxygen. Hairpins should also be removed because they will cause contamination面孔病症通常声称病症患者须要顶多氧。还其所系上发夹等发饰，以免引致感染。4. The bladder should be emptied by voiding or by catheter. A full bladder could be damaged during surgery.第四，经过排尿或者导尿丢弃腹腔。腹腔内充满著排泄物不必需在切除法术现实生活里毁损。5. Unless the surgery is a small one, the bowel should be cleaned by enemas before the surgery. It will prevent much discomfort after the surgery. It will also prevent contamination.第五，法术以前病症患者需运用于银制剂丢弃肠道，小切除法术除外。这亦会尽量避免很多法术后舒服患者。还可以尽量避免感染。6. Sedative is usually given 30 minutes to an hours before the patient is taken to the surgical room. It will make the anesthesia easier.第六，镇静剂通常在病症患者转入切除法术室以前30分钟到一小时内静脉注射。这可以让现实生活完成地可能会一些。After that, the patient should be encouraged to rest quietly. A member of the family may be allowed to stay in the room with the patient.然后不该轻声忍不住病症患者转入休眠状态。切除法术室内有时可以允许病症患者的一位遗属陪伴。7. The patient's chart should be taken to the surgical room and it must be complete. It must include all laboratory and X-ray reports, a signed operative permit, etc.第七，病症患者的病症历表不该带入切除法术室，并且表单须要值得注意。上面须要除此以外所有的验和X光检查报告以及一份签名的切除法术许可等等。Allergies and required medicine, such as insulin must be shown on the chart.过敏原和所需抗生素，如胰岛素，也可不在表单里注明。Excuse me, Ms. Wang. I want to go to the toilet.
劳驾，王以医务人员。我想去饮水机。You need not go to the toilet. Please try the bedpan.你无法去饮水机。代为你用便盆吧。How can I urinate in bed?我怎么能在床上洁癖呢？You know you will not be allowed to get up for several days after the operation. So you must learn to use the bedpan.切除法术再次几天你是不允许下床的。所以你须要学者运用于便盆。OK. Let me he a try.好吧。我试试。When will I be sent to the operating room?我什么时候进切除法术室？About 8 O'clock. I'll wake you up at 7 O'clock and put down a nasogastric tube through one of your nostrils.从以前晚间。我亦会在七点跟着你然后从你的鼻孔里插入一根胃管。Could you tell me why?
你能告诉他我为什么要插胃管吗？We will give you food through the tube on the second and third day after the operation.切除法术后第二、三天我们须要通过胃管给你进食。What time will I be back here?我什么时候能被送去这里？You'll be back at about 3 pm.从以前凌晨三点。How can my wife know about the operation?我侄女怎样了解我切除法术的令人满意？She can stay in the waiting room. We'll tell her as soon as possible about the operation.她亦会在等候室。切除法术一就此结束我们亦会赶紧汇报她。He you signed the consent?你在允诺书上签字了吗？Yes. What should I do before operation?签了。切除法术以前我不该要用什么？We'll prepare you by shing and cleaning. Then you'll take a shower. You'll he a liquid diet for supper.我们亦会给你剃须要用干净。然后你要洗个澡。晚饭你要吃饭一些流食。I know. Will the operation hurt very much?我知道了。切除法术亦会很嫌弃吗？Don't worry. You won't feel anything during the operation.别担心，切除法术现实生活里你不亦会充满著著任何咳嗽。You'll find yourself back in the room after the operation.切除法术后你醒来的时候就已经在病症房了。You may feel some pain and feel drowsy. We will give you an injection to relieve the pain if you can't stand it.你不必需无法忍受看上去嫌弃并昏昏沉沉。如果咳嗽忍不住的话我们亦会给你静脉注射一些更为严重咳嗽的抗生素。Thank you.忘了你 二、切除法术里Operator, put me through to the operating room please.
话务员，代为三人我路经切除法术室。Just a minute. The line is engaged.稍等。目以前分之一线。A few seconds later.几秒钟后。Operation room.切除法术室May I speak to the head nurse?能代为医务人员长认得吗？Of course, she's right here.当然可以，她就在这。Hello, I'm the head nurse. What can I do for you?
你好，我是医务人员长。有什么可以三人您？What's going on in the operation room right now?切除法术室里目以前是什么上述情况。I he an emergency case coming in.我赶紧有一个立即发生率。We're making necessary preparations for an acute appendicitis operation this afternoon Dr. Wang is going to perform the operation.我们在为今天凌晨王以药剂师的急性胃溃疡切除法术要用必需作准备。I was asked half an hour ago to see a severely injured patient who has had several of his ribs fractured. He needs a chest operation immediately. Would you arrange for an emergency operation?我半小时以前调拨了一个严重肋骨骨折的病症症。他须要立刻放弃静脉切除法术。你们三人我顾及立即切除法术吗？Of course, I'll make the necessary arrangements right away. I'll phone you everything is ready.当然可以。我赶紧要用必需作准备。一切作准备完毕再次我给你通电话。Fine, I'll be waiting for your call.好的，我等你电话。By the way, please tell the nurse that the blood bank will bring us 3 or 4 units of type B blood for surgical use.对了。代为告诉他医务人员血库亦会给我们3或4的单位的B型血供切除法术运用于。Anything else?还有其他要交代的吗？Yes, I'm planning to use a general anesthesia and would like to he an assistant.有，我须要要用四肢，须要一位合作者。All right. I'll let Dr. Wang know it immediately.好的。我赶紧汇报王以药剂师。Thank you.忘了你。You're welcome.不客气。After the operation. 三、法术后 The patient is in narcosis, take care.病症患者还在昏倒状态，多留意。What kind of surgery has he had?他放弃了什么切除法术？A chest operation.静脉切除法术。Is he allergic to any drug?他对什么抗生素过敏吗？He's allergic to meperidine.他对哌替啶过敏。Did he lose much blood during the surgery?切除法术里他肾衰竭很多吗？He lost 400 ml of blood and received 2 units of red cells.他肾衰竭400ml。我们给他顶多了2的单位的白细胞。Has he received any other fluids?你们给他顶多其他固体了吗？1000 ml of 5% dextrose in distilled water.1000毫升含5%的牛奶。 四、切除法术后康复与照护After the operation, the surgical patient often needs intensive care.
切除法术再次，外科病症症通常须要提高照护。Here there are some reasons. Of course, some common problems will occur.这其里有一些原因。当然，也亦会有一些常见上述情况注意到。The problems can be expected and therefore anticipated.这些上述情况是可以意味著的。After the operation, patients often need hemodynamic monitoring.切除法术再次须要对病症症完成脏器热力学集中管理。Many of the conditions are related to basic medical problems.病症症的很多患者与基本的临床研究上述情况无关。Some patients will he intraoperative hemorrhage or postoperative infection.一些病症症亦会注意到法术里肿大或法术后感染。It may lead to instability. So the patient needs special care.
这亦会加剧切除法术后病症情恢复原不平稳。因此病症症须要值得注意保姆。This will be much more common after emergency surgical procedures.这种上述情况在送医切除法术病症症脸上极为常见。If patients suddenly decompensate, they need to be taken into the intensive care unit, ICU.如果病症症突然激素失调，须要将其送往心绞痛提高照护病症房。Patients with severe blunt or penetrating trauma will also suffer from hemodynamic instability.钝挫伤及耐用性创伤病症患者还亦会注意到脏器热力学不平稳。Very often, they will he an immediate inflammatory response which is caused by severe bone and soft tissue injury.他们很不必需注意到急性瘙痒化学反可不，这是由严重骨质或者软组织中枪所致。If hypovolemic shock occurs, then it shows that the injury is serious. The patient sometimes needs blood transfusion to correct the deficit.如果注意到低血容量性休克，这声称伤势严重。有时须要对病症症完成顶多血来必需其精子体液。Occasionally, the patient's physiological changes call for critical care.病症症的病症理变化平常也亦会须要值得注意集中管理。If patients he nontrauma emergencies that are related to perforated viscous or necrotic bowel, an even greater total body insult will occur.如果非抑郁症疾病症的送医病症患者的病症症与肠穿孔粘滞或肠坏死有关，那么病症患者整个飞翼不必需受其负面影响。Each insult leads to a systemic inflammatory response.这些负面影响亦会分别加剧各个器官的持续性瘙痒化学反可不。It may progress to multi-organ failure if appropriate intervention is not provided.如果不采取有效治疗，病症患者显然注意到多器官功能衰竭 。Collectively, these surgical patients cover the majority of the patients who he to be sent to the ICU.总而言之，心绞痛加护病症房的病症患者基本上是外科切除法术病症患者。 五、法术后恢复原Ms. Wang, I'm hing a pain here.
王以药剂师，我这里很嫌弃。I'll give you pain relieving medicine.我给你后下一些止嫌弃药。It's better now. But I'm a little thirsty. Would you please give me some water?现在好些了。但是我很渴。你可以给我一些水喝吗？I'm afraid I can't. But I can moisten your lips to quench your thirst.对不起，难道你现在不可以喝水。但是我可以在你的下巴上煮一些水三人你解渴。Thanks. When can I drink?忘了。我什么时候可以喝水？When your bowel is sound and gag reflex returns.须要等你的肠鸣音和咽折射恢复原再次才可以喝。Then I can eat something?那时我就可以吃饭外面了吗？I'm afraid you can't.难道不行。When can I eat?我什么时候才可以吃饭外面？You can take a liquid diet on the 1st postoperative day. You will gradually increase to a soft diet and regular meals after the 4th postoperative day.
切除法术一天再次你可以吃饭一些流食。然后你慢慢可以吃饭软食，切除法术四天再次就可以较长时间用餐了。What's the liquid diet?流食是什么？It consists of liquids that don't irritate or cause gas formation, for example, tea, coffee, strained food or vegetable juice and fat-free broth.流食以无刺激作用或者不亦会加剧气体转化成的固体为主，例如茶、的牛奶、过滤牛奶、蔬菜汁和无脂汤。What's the soft diet?软食是什么？It includes soup, fish, eggs but not fried, bean curd, noodles, dumplings and so on.软食除此以外汤、鱼肉、非酱汁猪肉、酱油、面条、点心等等。Which kind of food should I oid?我不该尽量避免吃饭哪些营养呢？Rich pastries, hey salad dressing, fried food, lard, etc.清淡的点心、相当多的古利酱酱汁、酱汁牛奶、白糖等。Anything important?还有什么须要值得注意注意的吗？Yes, you'll do some breathing exercise tomorrow.有，那时候你须要要用一些呼吸练。Why?为什么？The exercise will help prevent respiratory complications.呼吸练可以预防消化系统并发症。Will you help do the exercise or I do it myself?我要自己要用练吗，还是你亦会辅导我？I'll help you and give you some advice.我亦会三人你，给你提一些决定。Can you tell me now how I will do it?你现在可以告诉他我怎样要用吗？Of course. Press your incision, breathe deeply and then cough. I will raise the head of your bed.当然可以。插入切除法术切口，深呼吸然后咳嗽。我亦会把你的从前升高一些。I see.我知道了。Please press the button when you feel discomfort.如果你无法忍受有什么舒服的话代为按呼叫器。I will. Thank you.我亦会的，忘了你。相关新闻
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